Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).Īdams V. Safety of long-term electrical peripheral nerve stimulation: review of the state of the art. Literature review and meta-analysis of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in treating chronic back pain. Wu LC, Weng PW, Chen CH, Huang YY, Tsuang YH, Chiang CJ. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for treatment of muscle impairment: critical review and recommendations for clinical practice. Nussbaum EL, Houghton P, Anthony J, Rennie S, Shay BL, Hoens AM. Advanced technologies to improve wound healing: electrical stimulation, vibration therapy, and ultrasound-what is the evidence? Plast Reconstr Surg. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as an adjunct for pain management in perioperative settings: a critical review. What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? (2019).Johnson MI.How electroconvulsive therapy works?: Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms. Révész, D., et al. (2016). Complications and safety of vagus nerve stimulation: 25 years of experience at a single center.Electroconvulsive therapy: 80 years old and still going strong. Adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. We link primary sources - including studies, scientific references, and statistics - within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. However, TMS is the only technique that researchers have directly compared with ECT, and ECT produced better outcomes for people with depression. Newer neuromodulation techniques, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), can also be effective treatments for severe depression and other mental health conditions. The media has tended to portray ECT in a negative light - for example, in the film version of “One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest.” However, attitudes toward ECT are changing, and people are beginning to view it as an effective treatment for those with mental health conditions that are resistant to medication and therapy. As a result, they often received ECT against their will or did not know the full extent of its side effects. Furthermore, when healthcare professionals first introduced ECT, many people did not consent to the therapy. The negative perceptions of ECT originate from previous misuse and the historical lack of consistent administration of general anesthetics or muscle relaxants. While some countries ban its use, others use it widely. They should also try to arrange for someone to stay with them until they go to sleep.Īlthough ECT is an effective treatment, a person will need to continue their medication and receive more ECT sessions to prevent a relapse.ĮCT is one of the oldest and most controversial psychiatric treatments. The frequency and number of sessions will differ among individuals depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment.Īfter the session, a person must not drive for 24 hours. A person may receive ECT two or three times a week for a total of between six and 12 sessions. The ECT team monitors the person’s seizure throughout the procedure with electroencephalography (EEG).Īn ECT session may last for about 1 hour, which includes 15–20 minutes for the procedure and 20–30 minutes of recovery time. The pulse reaches the brain through electrodes on the head and induces a controlled seizure. Doctors may sometimes use ultra-brief pulses, which are under 0.5 ms. The stimulus usually consists of a brief electrical pulse, which is one in the range of 0.5–2.0 milliseconds (ms). They will also place a bite block in the person’s mouth to stop them from biting their tongue. The doctor will then wait for the anesthesia to take effect before they begin the electrical stimulation. When a person receives ECT treatment, a doctor will first administer general anesthesia and a muscle relaxant. Share on Pinterest FangXiaNuo/Getty Images
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